open firewall port on centos 7

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## Opening Firewall Ports on CentOS 7 with `firewalld`

CentOS 7 primarily uses `firewalld` as its firewall management tool. This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide to opening ports using `firewalld`, covering the necessary commands, concepts, and best practices.

**Understanding `firewalld`**

`firewalld` is a dynamic firewall management tool that provides a more structured and flexible way to manage firewall rules compared to the older `iptables` system. It introduces the concept of **zones**, which are predefined sets of rules and configurations that apply to specific network interfaces or sources. This allows you to easily apply different security policies to different network environments (e.g., home, work, public).

**Key Concepts:**

* **Zones:** Predefined sets of rules governing network traffic. Common zones include:
* `public`: For untrusted networks (e.g., public Wi-Fi hotspots).
* `internal`: For trusted networks, allowing more traffic.
* `home`: Similar to internal, suitable for home networks.
* `dmz`: For placing servers that need to be accessible from the internet, but with limited access to the internal network.
* `block`: Drops all incoming connections.
* `drop`: Similar to block, but also rejects incoming connections with an ICMP error message.
* `trusted`: Allows all traffic.
* **Services:** Predefined configurations for common network services (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, DNS). They typically include the necessary port and protocol information.
* **Ports:** TCP or UDP ports that you want to allow traffic on. You need to specify both the port number and the protocol (TCP or UDP).
* **Protocols:** Network protocols, primarily TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
* **Runtime vs. Permanent:**
* **Runtime (Immediate) Changes:** These changes are applied immediately but are lost upon reboot. Useful for temporary modifications or testing.
* **Permanent Changes:** These changes ...

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