Schizotypal Personality – Is It The Beginning of Schizophrenia?

Schizotypal personality is unique because not only is it considered a personality disorder, but in the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition it's listed as a schizophrenia spectrum illness.

This is because some consider it a prodrome of schizophrenia. Meaning that it precedes a diagnosis of schizophrenia. But not all people with schizotypal personality develop schizophrenia.

it's termed schizotypal personality disorder in the diagnostic manual but it's based on a psychological construct of schizotypy. Schizotypy originally defined by the British psychologist Dr. Gordon Claridge, can be thought of as a proneness to psychosis.

Here is how schizotypal personality disorder is defined by the diagnostic and statistical manual of disorders.

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

1. Ideas of reference
2. Next is Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences your behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms.
3. Next is Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions.
4. Another trait is Odd thinking and speech
5. Number five is Suspiciousness or paranoid thinking
6. Six is Inappropriate or constricted affect
7. Number seven is having an odd, eccentric or peculiar Behavior or appearance
8. Number eight is Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.
9. The last trait is Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about themselves.

The prevalence of schizotypal personality disorder is about 3% of the general population. That’s about the same prevalence as bipolar disorder. But for some reason it’s not talked about much even in the psychiatric community.

References
Asami T, Whitford TJ, Bouix S, et al. Globally and Locally Reduced MRI Gray Matter Volumes in Neuroleptic-Naive Men With Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Association With Negative Symptoms. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(4):361–372. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.665

Pulay AJ, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, et al. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV schizotypal personality disorder: results from the wave 2 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;11(2):53-67. doi:10.4088/pcc.08m00679

Mohr C, Claridge G. Schizotypy--do not worry, it is not all worrisome. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S436-S443. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu185

Sacks S, Fisher M, Garrett C, Alexander P, Holland C, Rose D, Hooker C, Vinogradov S. Combining computerized social cognitive training with neuroplasticity-based auditory training in schizophrenia. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2013 Summer;7(2):78-86A. doi: 10.3371/CSRP.SAFI.012513. PMID: 23367504; PMCID: PMC6939987.
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Видео Schizotypal Personality – Is It The Beginning of Schizophrenia? канала Dr. Tracey Marks