Stephen O'Rahilly (Cambridge) 1: The Causes of Obesity: Why Isn’t everybody fat?

https://www.ibiology.org/human-disease/obesity

Dr. Stephen O'Rahilly provides a biomedical perspective of obesity, and evaluates which genes could potentially shift the balance towards obesity.

Easy access to nutrients has contributed to the increase in obesity in the human population. But, what is obesity and why isn’t everybody fat? Dr. Stephen O'Rahilly provides a biomedical perspective of obesity, and evaluates which genes could potentially shift the balance towards obesity. As he explains, one becomes obese when the balance between energy intake and energy spent is shifted. Surprisingly, mutations that lead to obesity in humans aren’t in genes involved in metabolism and energy storage, but failure in satiety signals in the brain that result in people eating too much. The excess of energy intake over energy expenditure leads to obesity.

What is the consequence of obesity in human health? Physically, obesity can result in lower mobility and sleeping disorders. But, in humans, the link between obesity and metabolic diseases isn’t straightforward. For example, not everyone that’s obese becomes insulin resistant. As O'Rahilly explains, the probability of an obese individual to have a metabolic disease is linked to the capacity of adipose tissue to store the extra fat. Mutations that decrease fat storage in adipose tissue increase the chance of metabolic diseases, like insulin resistance, even when the person is not obese.

Speaker Biography:
Dr. Stephen O'Rahilly is a professor of Clinical Biochemistry and Medicine and Head of the Department of Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge where he also directs the MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit in the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science. He qualified in Medicine from University College Dublin, and continued his post-graduate training at Oxford University and Harvard Medical School. In 1991, O'Rahilly joined the faculty at Cambridge University where he studies human metabolic and endocrine diseases. O'Rahilly is known for his work in identifying novel extreme human metabolic phenotypes, and identifying genes important in metabolic function and dysfunction.

For his scientific contributions, O'Rahilly was elected as a fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (1999), and the Royal Society (2003). He also became a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences (2011), was knighted in the 2013 Birthday Honors for services to medical research and was the 2019 Banting Medal Recipient for Scientific Achievement of the American Diabetes Association.

Visit his lab website and learn more about O'Rahilly’s research:
http://www.mrl.ims.cam.ac.uk/research/principal-investigators/professor-sir-stephen-orahilly

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