What If The Sun Disappeared?

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Tools & Links:

Gravitational force calculator: http://www.wsanford.com/~wsanford/calculators/gravity-calculator.html

Solar Scope: http://www.solarsystemscope.com/

Gravity simulator: http://www.nowykurier.com/toys/gravity/gravity.html

Celestia (3D space simulator): http://www.shatters.net/celestia/

Quantum Tunneling (MinutePhysics): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTodS8hkSDg

Gravitational force between people: http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/15q9tx/which_has_more_gravitational_pull_on_me_girl/

How the sun might ACTUALLY die [VIDEO]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21RkSui1cG8

Sun disappearance links:

http://www.popsci.com/node/24698
http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/07/12/q-a-how-long-would-we-have-if/
http://unitedcats.wordpress.com/2008/07/24/what-would-happen-if-the-sun-disappeared/
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=707
http://www.newscientist.com/blog/lastword/2004/05/put-that-light-out.html
http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4079676

Light travel-time between planets: http://www.pbs.org/seeinginthedark/astronomy-topics/light-as-a-cosmic-time-machine.html

Ahad (light from galaxy): http://images2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20090709115119/firstarktoalphacentauri/images/7/76/Ahads_constant_refereed_paper.pdf

A Pail of Air STORY: http://www.baenebooks.com/chapters/0743498747/0743498747___6.htm

Hydrothermal vents VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaUcJ3CdTSE

Extremophiles in general: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile

Neil Degrasse Tyson book that includes a discussion of Earth's geothermally resiliant life: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Death-Black-Hole-Cosmic-Quandaries/dp/0393330168

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