Xenon - THE BRIGHTEST Gas on Earth!

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
Do not repeat the experiments shown in this video!
So, today I want to tell you about a rare and noble gas - xenon. In the periodic table of chemical elements, xenon is located in the last group, almost at the bottom.
Like its buddy neon, the heavier xenon is also part of the noble gases bunch, chemical activity of which is very low due to the lack of free electrons in the outer electron layer. To provide a simpler example, the noble gases can be compared with a lazy well-fed cat who doesn’t want to take anything but also has nothing to give.
Nevertheless, externally, xenon looks like a colorless, odorless gas, to demonstrate the properties of which I bought a special vial of xenon, wherein the gas is stored at reduced pressure, so that it is easier to conduct some demonstrations with it.
Like the other noble gases, while passing a high voltage through xenon, it glows with a beautiful blue color. For the glow you need to create a low pressure in the ampoule that is approximately 100 times less than atmospheric, and also to pass through the vial a high-frequency voltage of about three thousand volts. This high voltage can be given by the generator of a plasma lamp, from the effect of which a glow discharge occurs in xenon, in other words, the gas begins to glow beautifully.
The current here is insignificant, so my hand can easily play the role of a conductor here due to the human body having capacity, like in an electrical capacitor. If the vial of xenon is put in liquid nitrogen, the gas inside will freeze because the melting point of xenon is -111,7 degrees Celsius. When you get the vial out of liquid nitrogen, you can then observe the solid xenon, which quickly melts and immediately evaporates due to the very small difference between the boiling and melting points of this gas.
The lesser there is pressure in the vial, the brighter will xenon glow with this voltage due to the fact that less energy is dissipated as heat due to collision of the gas molecules in the vial. When chilled with the liquid nitrogen, the vial of xenon lights differently than when it’s at room temperature. It is clearly seen that the gas is ignited already even at a small distance from the wire, and the first illumination is more close in color to yellow, after the gradual warm-up of the vial and increase of the pressure, the color of the plasma becomes more bluish. However, this is just us fooling around, in real life, xenon is used in much brighter xenon high-pressure lamps in which the gas is pressurized to 30 atmospheres. These lamps are just incredibly bright and are mostly used in cinema projectors. In the recent times, these lamps are frequently replaced with LED due to the low efficiency and complexity in maintenance, besides the first heats up very strongly. Also, in recent years, xenon lamps were put into automobiles increasingly more often, though internally they are made a little bit differently. Xenon here is used only in order to ignite the arc plasma, after which the lamp heats up and inside of it sodium and scandium salts evaporate, those salts is what supports the further glow in this case. Xenon bulbs are much brighter than incandescent bulbs, which often causes frustration for motorists due to it blingding them at night, being too bright. Additionally, all the digital cameras now use a xenon flash, because of the extremely bright glow of this gas at a high voltage discharge.
Unfortunately, xenon does not like to engage in chemical reactions, so I can't show you experiments with it. However, of all the noble gases, xenon is the most reactive due to the large atomic radius. I can say though that this gas reacts with fluorine, and later on from the fluorides of xenon you can obtain its oxide and other compounds.
Forgot to mention that the abundance of xenon in the earth's atmosphere is about 87 parts per billion, the theory says that this small amount is due to the fact that part of the xenon is stored in quartz rocks coupled with oxygen. Though on Jupiter there’s a lot more xenon than here.

Видео Xenon - THE BRIGHTEST Gas on Earth! канала Thoisoi2 - Chemical Experiments!