Victorian Age in Malayalam#victorian Period in Malayalam#victorian era in malayalam

Queen Victoria’s reign from 1837-1901 defines the ‘Victorian era’.
- It was an age of ‘higher moral purpose’, of moving the country forwards to a transformed country of wealth and power. Gone were the romantics and the age of dreaming; replaced by a world of steel, manufacture and supremacy.
- Writers had a mixed reaction to the rapid change. Whereas the Romantic era had been largely based on poetry, the Victorian era was dominated by novels.

Victorian age is important ( achievement):

The period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 1837 until her death in 1901 was marked by sweeping progress and ingenuity. It was the time of the world's first Industrial Revolution, political reform and social change, Charles Dickens and Charles Darwin, a railway boom and the first telephone and telegraph.

characteristics of the Victorian era:

#Serialization. It can be daunting to pick up a Victorian novel.
#Industrialization.
“industrialization” might sound more like #economic development than literary history.
#Class group
#Science vs Progress.
#Nostalgia.
#The Woman Question.
#Utilitarianism.

politics

Politics were important to the Victorians; they believed in the perfection of their evolved representative government, and in exporting it throughout the British Empire. This age saw the birth and spread of political movements, most notably socialism, liberalism and organised feminism.

Industrialisation &Economic change:

The Industrial Revolution continued to increase productivity and prosperity, especially in the middle and later parts of Victoria's reign. Making iron and steel was a basic industry. The furnaces were fired with coal. Shipbuilding was a major industry. Canals and steam railways connected all parts of the country, and British steamships connected the world. Cotton and wool were made into cloth and exported. Ceramics were also a major industry.

One important change in the Victorian era was the making of the sewage system in London. In 1829 photography was invented. Gas lighting was important too. Streetlights became common first, followed by lights in public buildings and at home. In the 1880s people began making power stations and distribution systems to feed the new electric lightbulbs.

Social changes:

In the Victorian era, the middle class people owned their own houses. The family home often included three generations. The concept of "privacy" became a mark of the middle class life. What went on in those homes was the themes of many mid-century novelists.

The printing press became faster in the nineteenth century and paper was cheaper too. The "taxes on knowledge" on newspapers and printed advertisements were lifted. This made magazines and newspapers cheaper.The government tried to improve literacy rates by starting schools for the poor. More books were written for, and read by, the newly educated middle classes.

Entertainment

More theatres opened in London. Orchestras and symphonies played, and operas were widely attended. Gambling at cards and new casinos became popular during the period. In the middle of the 19th century saw The Great Exhibition of 1851, the first World's Fair, and showed the greatest creations of the century.

the religion in the Victorian era?

Most Victorian Britons were Christian. The Anglican churches of England, Wales, and Ireland were the state churches (of which the monarch was the nominal head) and dominated the religious landscape (even though the majority of Welsh and Irish people were members of other churches).

Victorian Age called an age of faith and doubt?

The Victorian era was the first great "Age of Doubt" and a critical moment in the history of Western ideas.More profoundly than any generation before them, the Victorians came to view doubt as inseparable from belief, thought, and debate, as well as a much-needed antidote to fanaticism and unbridled certainty.

writers
From William Blake and John Keats to Charles Dickens and the Brontë sisters,
Jane Austen. Novelist.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Poet.
William Blake. Poet, Artist, Printer.
Charlotte Brontë Novelist.
Emily Brontë ...
Robert Burns. ...
Lord Byron. ...
Lewis Carroll.
John Keats
Thomas Hardy
George Eliot

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