LASERs: How they get so powerful

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(1) Technically it's half this year's prize. https://nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/press-release/
(2) Note that this means spatial and temporal coherence, and that this analogy is very hand-wavy. See https://www.rp-photonics.com/coherence.html.
(3) http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9742
(4) http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6221/530
(5) https://www.clf.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/Vulcan.aspx
(6) Note that Radiation here is electromagnetic radiation. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/laser
(7) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulated_emission
(8) This stackexchange response gives a good summary of how this damage occurs, as well as more detail on CPA in general https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/432137/what-is-chirped-pulse-amplification-and-why-is-it-important-enough-to-warrant-a
(9) There are ways to do this other than what I show in this video: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirped_pulse_amplification#Stretcher_and_compressor_design
(10) See e.g. Hecht http://www.polaritech.ir/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Hecht-optics-5ed.pdf
(11) This was the textbook I used in my undergrad, which I remember after I finished editing https://global.oup.com/academic/product/laser-physics-9780198506911?cc=gb&lang=en&
(12) https://www.clf.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/Laser-amplification.aspx
(13) https://www.laserfocusworld.com/articles/print/volume-41/issue-1/features/custom-laser-systems/petawatt-lasers-aim-for-relativistic-phenomena.html

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Видео LASERs: How they get so powerful канала Simon Clark