How Cyclone Separators Work (How Dust Collectors Work)

In this video, we look at the gas cyclone separator. We look at all of its main design features, how it works, advantages and disadvantages, and some of its common applications. By the end of this video, you will have all the information you need to design, maintain and even build, your own cyclone separator (dust collector).

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▶️Components and Design
A reverse flow cyclone separator is an industrial assembly with no moving parts and a simple design.

The main cylindrical part of the cyclone separator is known as the body or barrel. The gradually narrowing conical section is known as the cone.

Un-treated gas enters tangentially through the inlet at the side of the separator. Entrained particles within the gas stream are separated from the gas stream and discharged through the reject port at the base of the separator. Cleaned gas exits through the accept port at the top of the separator.
How Cyclone Separators Work (How Dust Collectors Work)
Gas containing entrained particles enters at high velocity through the tangential inlet at the top of the cyclone. The gas flows into the cyclone body/barrel at a tangent and begins to flow in a circular downward spiral towards the lower reject port; this downward flowing spiral is referred to as a spiral vortex.

The cone diameter gradually decreases which causes the gas velocity to increase. The outer vortex creates an additional inner vortex closer to the centre of the separator body and this inner vortex flows spirally upwards towards the accept port.

Particles with more inertia will impact with the side of the cyclone whilst particles with lower inertia will remain within the gas stream. Inertia can be thought of as a particle’s ability to continue travelling in a straight line even when external forces are applied.

When an external force is applied -such as by the cyclonic vortex- the particles with low inertia will not continue to travel in a straight line, they will instead travel spirally as they are swept along by the gas stream. Particles with greater inertia will be less affected by the vortex and will continue travelling in a straight line. This straight-line trajectory causes the high inertia particles to move out of the gas stream and impact with the cyclone separator body. These particles then fall to the base of the cyclone separator and out of the reject port. In this way, entrained particles of a certain size can be separated from the gas stream.

Another way to think of this process, is to think of higher density particles colliding with the cyclone body whilst less denser particles are retained within the gas stream. This is not strictly true though as both the density and shape of the particle will affect its ability to be separated from the gas stream.
Particles discharged through the reject port are usually either recycled (off or on site), or, disposed of.

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Видео How Cyclone Separators Work (How Dust Collectors Work) канала saVRee