Ulcerative Colitis Diet, Treatment, Symptoms Flare Up | Nursing NCLEX Review

Ulcerative colitis nursing lecture on the symptoms, diet, treatment (surgery, medications), pathophysiology, and nursing interventions. Ulcerative colitis is one of the two types (other is Crohn's Disease) of inflammatory bowel diseases that causes inflammation and ulcers in the inner lining of the colon and rectum (large intestine). There are four types of ulcerative colitis: ulcerative proctitis, proctosigmoiditis, left-sided colitis, pancolitis. The cause of ulcerative colitis is not yet known but it seems to be an autoimmune condition that is triggered by either diet (dairy consumption), stress, illness (viral or bacterial), genetics, or NSAID usage etc. Patients with ulcerative colitis experience periods of flare-ups and remission where symptoms disappear. When inflammation occurs in the lining of the large intestine the cells die and ulcers form which bleed and produce pus and mucus. Typical signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis includes: urgent/frequent bowel movements, anemia, loss of weight, electrolyte imbalance, fever, abdominal cramps, rectal bleeding, and severe diarrhea with blood, pus, and mucus. Complications of ulcerative colitis includes pseudopolyps, bowel scarring which leads to bowel narrowing, loss of form to the haustra (pouches of the large intestine that help with food churning), rupture, peritonitis, toxic megacolon, and colon cancer. Surgery can be performed to cure ulcerative colitis. These surgeries include proctocolectomy or ileoanall anastomosis (J-pouch surgery). In addition, other treatments include medication therapy (anti-inflammatory meds such as Aminosalicylates or corticosteroids, immunosuppressants/immunomodulators, antidiarrheal, and antibiotics).

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