Joseph Stalin | Transformation From 12 To 73 Years Old

Famous As: Communist Revolutionary & Ruler Of Former USSR
Nationality: Russian
Political Ideology: Communist Party Of The Soviet Union
Birthday: December 18, 1878
Died At Age: 74
Sun Sign: Sagittarius
Born In: Gori, Georgia
Father: Besarion Jughashvili
Mother: Ketevan Geladze
Spouse/Ex-Spouse: Kato Svanidze (M. 1906–1907), Nadezhda Alliluyeva (M. 1919–1932)
Children: Svetlana Alliluyeva, Vasily Dzhugashvili, Yakov Dzhugashvili
Died On: March 5, 1953
Place Of Death: Kuntsevo Dacha Near Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
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Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, the controversial Russian dictator, was born in Georgia in the Russian Empire in the later part of the nineteenth century into a poor family. Drawn early in his life to the ideals of Vladimir Lenin, he joined Bolsheviks almost at its inception and very soon made a place for himself with his organizational capability, playing an important role during the October Revolution. Later as the Bolsheviks came to power, he quickly rose through the ranks to become the party’s General Secretary. He first used his post to consolidate his position and then to eliminate all his rivals to become the supreme leader of the country, continuing to rule Russia with an iron hand till his death at the age of seventy-four. Although he single handedly elevated Russia from a backward country to a major world power, he was also responsible for millions of deaths and deportations. It was during his tenure that USSR became the second country to develop the nuclear bomb. After his death, his successors, notably Nikita Khrushchev, denounced his legacy and initiated a process of de-Stalinization.
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Childhood & Early Years
Joseph Stalin was born as Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili (Russian version: Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) on OS December 18 (NS December 6), 1878 in Gori, Georgia. At that time, it was a small town in the Tiflis Governorate under the Russian Empire.
His parents, Besarion “Beso” Jughashvili and Ekaterine "Keke" (nee Geladze) came from Orthodox Christian serf families. Beso was a cobbler, who eventually established his own workshop. He had a severe drinking problem, which not only affected his work, but also made him vey abusive towards his family.
Ioseb was the youngest of the couple’s three children. With his elder siblings, Mikhail and Giorgi, dying in infancy, he was also their only surviving son and therefore, Beso wanted him to learn the trade of shoemaking. But Keke insisted that he should have proper education.
When in 1888, Ioseb received a scholarship, Keke enrolled him at Gori Theological School against her husband’s wishes. Enraged, Beso went on a drunken rampage, attacking not only his wife, but also the police chief, as a result of which, he was banished from Gori.
In 1894, fifteen-year-old Ioseb graduated from school first in class and entered Tiflis Spiritual Seminary with a scholarship. But by the year end, he had become an atheist and began to read forbidden materials, especially the works of Karl Marx. However, he continued his studies at the Seminary.
In 1898, he joined the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, formed in the same year to unite the different revolutionary groups. Sometime now, he also came across the writings of Vladimir Lenin and was much inspired by it.
In 1899, just before his final examination, Ioseb had to leave the seminary, ostensibly because he could not pay the fees, which had underwent a steep hike. However, many believe that he was actually expelled because of his political views that went against the tsarist regime.
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Ioseb Becomes Stalin
After leaving the seminary, Ioseb became a clerk at Tiflis Metropolitan Observatory. Although the monthly salary of 20 roubles was relatively low, it gave him plenty of time for his political activities, which were mostly confined to giving speeches, leading demonstrations, and organizing strikes.
When on the night of 3 April 1901 many of his comrades were arrested, Ioseb went underground, living on donations from well-wishers. From then on, he became a full-time revolutionary.
In October 1901, he moved to Batumi, where he received employment at an oil refinery owned by the Rothschilds. Here too he continued with his political activities, organizing series of strikes, resulting in a number of deaths. It led to his first arrest on 8 April 1902.
After a prolonged enquiry, he was finally sent to the Siberian village of Novaya Uda, reaching the place on 9 December 1903. It was here in Siberia that he adopted his new surname, Stalin, which in Russian means steel. However, some biographers believe that he took up the name much later in 1912.

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