Bibi Ka Maqbara, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

The Bibi Ka Maqbara (English: "Tomb of the Lady")[1][2] is a tomb located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It was commissioned in 1660[1] by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb[3] in the memory of his first and chief wife Dilras Banu Begum (posthumously known as Rabia-ud-Daurani)[4][5][6][7][8] and is considered to be a symbol of Aurangzeb's 'conjugal fidelity'.[9] It bears a striking resemblance to the Taj Mahal,[8] the mausoleum of Aurangzeb's mother, Mumtaz Mahal. Aurangzeb was not much interested in architecture though he had commissioned the small, but elegant, Pearl Mosque at Delhi. Bibi Ka Maqbara was the largest structure that Aurangzeb had to his credit.[6]

The comparison to the Taj Mahal has often obscured its very own considerable charm.[10] Due to the strong resemblance, it is also called the Dakkhani Taj (Taj of the Deccan).[5] The Bibi Ka Maqbara is the principal monument of Aurangabad and its historic city.[7][11] An inscription found on the main entrance door mentions that this mausoleum was designed and erected by Ata-ullah, an architect and Hanspat Rai, an engineer respectively.[5] Ata-ullah was the son of Ustad Ahmad Lahauri, the principal designer of the Taj Mahal.[12]

The inscription, however, incorrectly attributes the construction of the mausoleum to Aurangzeb's son, Azam Shah. Bibi Ka Maqbara was commissioned in 1660 when Azam Shah (born 1653) was still a child. In later years, however, the prince was put in charge of overseeing the repair-work of the mausoleum by Aurangzeb.

Dilras Banu Begum was born a princess of the prominent Safavid dynasty of Iran (Persia)[13] and was the daughter of Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi (titled Shahnawaz Khan),[14] who was the Viceroy of Gujarat.[15] She married Prince Muhi-ud-din (later known as Aurangzeb upon his accession) on 8 May 1637 in Agra.[16] Dilras was his first wife and chief consort, as well as his favourite.[17][18][19][20] She bore her husband five children: Zeb-un-Nissa, Zinat-un-Nissa, Zubdat-un-Nissa, Muhammad Azam Shah and Sultan Muhammad Akbar.

After giving birth to her fifth child, Muhammad Akbar, Dilras Banu Begum possibly suffered from puerperal fever, due to complications caused by the delivery and died a month after the birth of her son on 8 October 1657. Upon her death, Aurangzeb's pain was extreme and their eldest son, Azam Shah, was so grieved that he had a nervous breakdown.[21] It became Dilras' eldest daughter, Princess Zeb-un-Nissa's responsibility to take charge of her newborn brother.[14] Zeb-un-Nissa doted on her brother a lot, and at the same time, Aurangzeb greatly indulged his motherless son and the prince soon became his best-loved son.[22]

In 1660, Aurangzeb commissioned a mausoleum at Aurangabad to act as Dilras' final resting place, known as Bibi Ka Maqbara ("Tomb of the Lady"). Here, Dilras was buried under the posthumous title of 'Rabia-ud-Daurani' ("Rabia of the Age"). In the following years, her tomb was repaired by her son Azam Shah under Aurangzeb's orders. Bibi Ka Maqbara was the largest structure that Aurangzeb had to his credit and bears a striking resemblance to the Taj Mahal, the mausoleum of Dilras' mother-in-law, Empress Mumtaz Mahal, who herself died in childbirth. Aurangzeb, himself, is buried a few kilometers away from her mausoleum in Khuldabad.
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