SHALLOW WATER DIVING EQUIPMENT 1940s U.S. NAVY DEEP SEA DIVING SCHOOL INSTRUCTIONAL FILM 19564

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Made for the Deep-Sea Diving School with the help of the Washington Navy Yard, this 1943, black and white film was filmed in Silver Springs, Florida. It dates from before the era that Jacques Cousteau's aqualung was developed, and shows some of the earlier generation equipment used by shallow water divers at the Deep-Sea Diving School. The film opens with a large ocean liner, the SS Normandie, on fire in New York harbor. Skin divers underwater next to a damaged ship :44. The divers raise items salvaged from the wreck 1:00. A diver slowly lowers himself to the bottom by a rope 1:34. This is shallow water diving. The equipment falls into two classes. The first is of the same concept as a diving bell. Diving bell animation 1:44. The Navy standard shallow water helmet is the second type that works as a facemask, with air pump into the front. Animation 2:25. The Victor Berge Mask or ORCO 2:30. (The Berge mask was invented by a Swedish adventurer, Victor Berge, just prior to WW2). The Mark III gas mask 2:39. A man puts a coat of grease on his body to protect him from the cold water. He also puts on Navy issued underwear 3:19. Light sneakers are worn to protect the feet 3:35. The gooseneck on the standard helmet is sealed with bolts 4:07. The telephone receiver is removed from the inside of the helmet 4:22. Weights are attached to the breastplate for the standard helmet to keep it from lifting off the diver’s shoulders 5:00. Weights are secured 5:19. Weights may be bolted to the breastplate 5:31. The regulating exhaust valve must be kept closed 5:39. The man maintains air pressure with the standard helmet 5:55. Different manually operated pumps 6:10. The Miller-Dunn Navy type helmet is made of copper 6:20. It has two glass windows for vision 6:43. The latest models are built with only one window. Valves are added for depths greater than 36 feet 7:24. Broad copper straps are riveted to the front and back of the helmet to attach weights 7:58. Several shallow water masks are under development and testing 8:33. The naked skin diver with the facility of movement 8:52. Animation shows that satisfactory masks should have certain features 9:07. Transparent faceplate and hose connections. A proper seal around the face. Rigid frames must be contoured to the face 9:33. Air blows over the faceplate to prevent fogging 9:41. An exhaust valve on top of the mask releases air 9:55. Non-return valve 10:04. Must be a buffer to press the mask against the nose to clear the ears 10:25. A demand valve regulates air as the diver inhales and exhales 10:55. The pressure behind the valve must be kept from 50 to 100 pounds 11:15. A breathing bag can be applied to the supply line with a control valve 11:38. A hand pump supplies fresh air to the breathing bag 12:10. The Mark III gas mask does not meet all these requirements 12:23. The passage that normally leads to the flutter valve is soldered 12:40. A small volume tank is inserted as a means of connection 12:58. Air passes through the hose into the valve 13:09. It exhausts through edges at the side of the mask 13:17. Weights are put into the pocket of the diver’s belt 13:30. Standard compressor, various hand pumps or tanks 13:55. The easiest method of air supply is from the air flask supplying compressed air with a regulator 14:38. A man shallow dives connected to a hose 15:05. All equipment should be checked before use 15:27. Valves are checked on the mask 15:45. The shallow water helmet is checked for the correct fit 15:52. The Mark III gas mask is examined and tested 16:07. A safety line is attached to the air hose 16:30. Divers submerges with the standard mask 17:24. Weights should never be attached to the diver’s body 17:35. The diver is in trouble but has weights attached to his body 17:57. The diver descends on a descending line 18:36. The diver battles visibility, current and uses hand signals to communicate 19:30. The diver needs to maintain his balance and stay upright 19:45. While ascending, exhale continuously to regulate the air in your body 20:30. A balloon test demonstrates this 20:39. We see an animation of what happens to your lungs if you ascend too quickly 20:54. Air embolism may occur. Man descends on a descending line 22:01. Compressed air: no more than 50 feet and 78 minutes underwater. Shallow water pump: 36 feet and 240 minutes underwater. Pure oxygen: no more than 40 feet and 30 minutes underwater 22:43. Divers must observe all the rules of safety 23:04. The End. Bureau of Aeronautics.

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