Notebookin w/ Mindy #84 (The IP Address Puzzle)

*The Three Types of Addresses*
*+ Subnet Address (First Address):* acts like a "Street Name." It refers to the entire network or street rather than a specific location. It is always the very first address in a block.
*+ Broadcast Address (Last Address):* Acts like a "Town Crier." It is used to send a message to every device on that network. It is always the very last address in a block
*+ Host Addresses (Middle Addresses):* Act like "House Numbers." These are the usable addresses assigned to specific devices (laptops, phones, consoles)

*The "Magic Key": CIDR Notation*
To determine the type of address, you need to calculate the block size using the slash number (CIDR notation) at the end of the IP

*The Math Formula*
+ 1. Subtract the slash number from 32 (since IPv4 addresses are 32 bits).
*Formula: 32 - {Slash Number} = n*
+ 2. Calculate 2 to the power of that result.
*Formula: 2^n = {Block Size}*

*Example 1: 192.168.2.32/27*
+ Math: 32 - 27 = 5. Then 2^5 = 32. The block size is 32.
+ Logic: Subnet starting points must be multiples of the block size (0, 32, 64, 96, etc.).
+ Result: Since 32 lands exactly on a multiple, this is a Subnet Address

*Example 2: 192.168.2.32/26*
+ Math: 32 - 26 = 6. Then 2^6 = 64$. The block size is 64.
+ Logic: Subnet starting points are multiples of 64 (0, 64, 128...). The range for the first block is 0 to 63.
+ Result: 32 does not land on a start point (0 or 64) nor is it the last address (63). It falls in the middle, making it a Host Address

*Quick Tips*
+ Total Usable Hosts: The number of usable addresses is always the total block size minus 2 (one for the subnet, one for the broadcast)
+ Validation: If an address lands on the start of a block multiple, it's a Subnet. If it is one less than the next block start, it's a Broadcast. Otherwise, it is a Host.
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