Ankylosing Spondylitis - Cause - Pathology - Symptoms - Treatment (Nursing Lecture in Hindi MSN 1)

Here I Bring Ankylosing Spondylitis Topic Lecture in Hindi including its Definition, Causes, Pathophysiology, Sign Symptoms & Treatment in this video.

Overview
Ankylosing spondylitis, also known as axial spondyloarthritis, is an inflammatory disease that, over time, can cause some of the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, to fuse. This fusing makes the spine less flexible and can result in a hunched posture. If ribs are affected, it can be difficult to breathe deeply.

Causes
Ankylosing spondylitis has no known specific cause, though genetic factors seem to be involved. In particular, people who have a gene called HLA-B27 are at a greatly increased risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis. However, only some people with the gene develop the condition.

Risk factors
Onset generally occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood. Most people who have ankylosing spondylitis have the HLA-B27 gene. But many people who have this gene never develop ankylosing spondylitis.

Symptoms
Early symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis might include back pain and stiffness in the lower back and hips, especially in the morning and after periods of inactivity. Neck pain and fatigue also are common. Over time, symptoms might worsen, improve or stop at irregular intervals.

The areas most commonly affected are:

The joint between the base of the spine and the pelvis.
The vertebrae in the lower back.
The places where tendons and ligaments attach to bones, mainly in the spine, but sometimes along the back of the heel.
The cartilage between the breastbone and the ribs.
The hip and shoulder joints.

Treatment
The goal of treatment is to relieve pain and stiffness and prevent or delay complications and spinal deformity. Ankylosing spondylitis treatment is most successful before the disease causes irreversible damage.

Medications
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) — such as naproxen sodium (Aleve) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) — are the medicines health care providers most commonly use to treat axial spondyloarthritis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. These medicines can relieve inflammation, pain and stiffness, but they also might cause gastrointestinal bleeding.

If nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aren't helpful, your doctor might suggest starting a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker or an interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitor. These medicines are injected under the skin or through an intravenous line. Another option is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are taken by mouth. These types of medicines can reactivate untreated tuberculosis and make you more prone to infections.

Examples of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers include:

Adalimumab (Humira).
Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia).
Etanercept (Enbrel).
Golimumab (Simponi).
Infliximab (Remicade).
interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors used to treat ankylosing spondylitis include secukinumab (Cosentyx) and ixekizumab (Taltz). JAK inhibitors available to treat ankylosing spondylitis include tofacitinib (Xeljanz) and upadacitinib (Rinvoq).

Therapy
Physical therapy is an important part of treatment and can provide a number of benefits, from pain relief to improved strength and flexibility. A physical therapist can design specific exercises for your needs. To help preserve good posture, you may be taught:

Range-of-motion and stretching exercises.
Strengthening exercises for abdominal and back muscles.
Proper sleeping and walking positions.
Surgery
Most people with ankylosing spondylitis or nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis don't need surgery. Surgery may be recommended if you have severe pain or if a hip joint is so damaged that it needs to be replaced.

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Видео Ankylosing Spondylitis - Cause - Pathology - Symptoms - Treatment (Nursing Lecture in Hindi MSN 1) канала Mayank Study Hub