Thundering Herd Problem: Facebook Outage 2010 #systemdesign #faang #interviewpreparation

Stampede (Thundering Herd) Problem 🐘

Facebook experienced this issue around 2010 after releasing a new feature.

Imagine 10,000 users requesting the same data. The data is stored in cache, so all requests are served quickly ⚡ without touching the database.

But the cache has a TTL of 60 seconds ⏱️. When the TTL expires, the cached entry disappears.

If thousands of users request the same data at that exact moment, all 10,000 requests miss the cache and hit the database at once 💥.

Instead of one request rebuilding the cache, the database suddenly receives thousands of requests, creating huge load and latency.

This sudden rush of requests is called the Stampede (Thundering Herd) Problem 🚨

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