Arduino Robot Obstacle Detection: Wire a Proximity Sensor to Control DC Motors

Build an Arduino robot that detects obstacles and stops automatically — full wiring, sensor setup, and motor control code explained step by step.

In this tutorial, I show you exactly how to wire an HC-SR04 proximity sensor to an Arduino and use it to stop DC motors the moment an object gets within 10cm. This is the obstacle detection system I built for my SAR robot platform — and I break down every part so you can replicate it on any chassis.What you'll learn:
How the HC-SR04 proximity sensor works (trigger and echo pins explained)

How to wire the sensor to Arduino correctly
How to write the distance measurement code from scratch
How to integrate sensor readings with motor driver logic
How to set your own detection threshold distance

Components used:
Arduino Uno
HC-SR04 proximity sensor
L298N motor driver board
2x DC motors
7.4V LiPo battery pack (motor power)

0:00 Obstacle Detection Demo
0:19 Build Context & Next Steps
1:30 Full Component Breakdown

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