java url vs uri

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in java, both `uri` (uniform resource identifier) and `url` (uniform resource locator) are classes that represent resources on the internet. however, they serve different purposes and have different characteristics. here's an informative tutorial to help you understand the differences between them, along with code examples.

### what is a uri?

a uri is a string of characters that uniquely identifies a particular resource. a uri can be a url, but it can also be a urn (uniform resource name), which is a name for a resource that is not necessarily tied to its location. in java, the `java.net.uri` class is used to create and manipulate uris.

### what is a url?

a url is a specific type of uri that not only identifies a resource but also provides a means of locating it by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network location). in java, the `java.net.url` class is used to create and manipulate urls.

### key differences

1. **scope**:
- **uri**: can be a url or urn.
- **url**: always a type of uri.

2. **purpose**:
- **uri**: identifies a resource, but does not necessarily provide a way to access it.
- **url**: provides a specific way to access a resource.

3. **structure**:
- **uri**: can be more complex and can include both a scheme and a fragment.
- **url**: must include a scheme (like http, https, ftp, etc.) and can contain additional elements like a path, query parameters, and a fragment.

### code examples

#### example 1: uri
#### example 2: url
### when to use uri vs url

- **use `uri`** when you just need to identify a resource without needing to access it directly. this is especially useful in applications where you are dealing with multiple resource types (e.g., urns).

- **use `url`** when you need to locate a resource and potentially access it over the network. this is common in web applications and when working with apis.

### conclusion

in summary, while both `uri` and `url` are used to represent resources, they se ...

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