Passive Lowpass filter based on Resistor - Capacitor pair

An RC low-pass filter passes low frequencies while reducing high-frequency signals. It uses a resistor in series and a capacitor to ground. At low frequencies, the capacitor’s reactance is high, so the output follows the input. At higher frequencies, the capacitor shunts the signal, reducing the output. The cutoff frequency is fc = 1/(2πRC), where output drops by -3 dB. Beyond this, the filter attenuates at -20 dB/decade.

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